The Joint Commission has outlined 11 implementation steps for meeting its national patient safety goal of reduced risk for anticoagulation therapy. They are:
- A defined anticoagulant management program should be implemented to individualize the care provided to each patient.
- Only oral unit-dose products and premixed infusions should be used, when available, to reduce compounding and labeling errors.
- Warfarin for each patient should be dispensed in accordance with established monitoring procedures.
- Approved protocols for the initiation and maintenance of anticoagulant therapy, appropriate to medication, medical condition, and drug interactions should be used.
- For patients started on warfarin, a baseline international normalized ratio (INR) should be available, and for all patients receiving warfarin therapy, a current INR should be available and used to monitor and adjust therapy.
- When dietary services are provided, the service should be notified of all patients receiving warfarin and respond according to an established food/drug interaction program.
- When heparin is administered intravenously and continuously, the organization should use programmable infusion pumps.
- The organization should have a policy that addresses baseline and ongoing laboratories tests that are required for heparin and low molecular weight heparin therapies.
- The organization should provide education regarding anticoagulation therapy to prescribers, staff, patients, and families.
- Patient/family education should include the importance of follow-up monitoring, compliance issues, dietary restrictions, and potential for adverse drug reactions and interactions.
- The organization should evaluate anticoagulation safety practices.